Can plant and vegetable seeds expire?

Seeds are extraordinary living organisms, containing all the instructions necessary to grow into robust plants or vegetables. However, like all living things, seeds have a shelf life.

But how do you know if seeds have expired and whether they’re still good to plant? Let’s find out

The lifespan of seeds

Seeds are naturally designed to sprout and grow under the right conditions. In the wild, seeds fall from plants and germinate within a specific time frame. However, when seeds are stored in envelopes on shelves, their viability diminishes over time.

Factors affecting seed viability

The longevity of seeds depends on several factors, including seed type and storage conditions. Moisture, temperature, and exposure to light can impact a seed’s ability to germinate.

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Seed viability by type

Different seeds have varying lifespans:

Carrot family: Seeds for carrots, celery, and cilantro have a short viability of one to two years.
Onion family: Seeds for onions and shallots typically last up to a year.
Cucumber family: Seeds for cucumbers and pumpkins can remain viable for up to six years.
Brassica family: Seeds for broccoli, cabbage, and kale can last up to five years.
Amaranth family: Seeds for beets and Swiss chard can remain viable for five years.
Solanaceae family: Seeds for tomatoes and peppers can last up to five years.
Aster family: Lettuce seeds can remain viable for up to five years.
Fabaceae family: Beans and peas seeds have a lifespan of about four years.
Mint family: Herbs like mint may lose viability within a year.